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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kuml/uj face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a louse or tick full of blood face="Times New Roman Star"вошь или клещ, напившийся крови face="Times New Roman Star"qums?uj (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 629. An expressive variant may be represented in OT (MK ) ko"mic?e 'gnat' (EDT 722). face="Times New Roman Star"*Tap-la- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to chop off splinters 2 to forge, hammer face="Times New Roman Star"1 тесать 2 ковать 3 трамбовать face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapla- 'бить, выравнивать' (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"to|pta- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapdala- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"topta- 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"taptaj- 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tabla- 'to hammer' face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tapta- 1, 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 462, ОСНЯ 2, 108-109, Ашм. XIV, 48. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"re- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to run away face="Times New Roman Star"убегать face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re:- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"re:- face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rgu"c?to"- 'загонять скот', ku"rgu"j 'возглас, которым гонят ягнят' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 737, VEWT 310, ЭСТЯ 5, 146, Stachowski 166. face="Times New Roman Star"*jer/ne face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"son-in-law, sister's husband face="Times New Roman Star"зять, муж сестры face="Times New Roman Star"jezne (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|izne|, z?|izni face="Times New Roman Star"jezna" (Houts. ) face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ezna", z?|ezda" face="Times New Roman Star"jezde face="Times New Roman Star"jezna" face="Times New Roman Star"jezne (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?iste face="Times New Roman Star"c?este face="Times New Roman Star"jeste, d/este face="Times New Roman Star"c?este face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ezde face="Times New Roman Star"z?ezde face="Times New Roman Star"jezde face="Times New Roman Star"z?ezde face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 988, VEWT 199, TMN 4, 165, ЭСТЯ 4, 169-170, Лексика 298. Cf. also Chuv. s/armъk 'young, young man' ( > Hung. gyermek). face="Times New Roman Star"*yna- face="Times New Roman Star"to trust, rely on face="Times New Roman Star"доверять, полагаться на face="Times New Roman Star"yna-n- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"yna-n- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ynan- face="Times New Roman Star"nen- face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 654-656, VEWT 165 (cf. also *yn-gaj 'direction'). Turk. *yna-k > WMong. inag| (see TMN 2, 219, Щербак 1997 , 163). face="Times New Roman Star"*sarga- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a plant which grows in damp places 1 a plant growing in saline grounds face="Times New Roman Star"1 растение, живущее во влажных местах 2 растение, живущее на солончаках face="Times New Roman Star"sarg|an 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"sarg|an, sarg|an qamys? 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"saraGan 'скумпия (кустарник)' face="Times New Roman Star"? surъx s@lli 'овсяника овечья' (? Дмитриева 1988 , 42; lit. 'sheep oats') face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 849, VEWT 403. Cf. also *siar/ 'reed' (in Oghuz languages, see under *siar/ 'marsh' - perhaps a contamination), as well as some forms dealt with under *sarymsak (v. sub *sera ). face="Times New Roman Star"*samala ? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tar face="Times New Roman Star"деготь face="Times New Roman Star"samla, samala (MA , AH , CCum .) face="Times New Roman Star"sъw|mala face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 399. It is also worth noting Bashk. humalaq 'lump of clay' and Tat. sumala 'tar' (possibly < Chuv.). Федотов 2, 23-24. The word is attested quite late and is usually regarded as borrowed < Russ. смола. This might be true, but let us note that no other Russian words were hitherto discovered in Chagatai. face="Times New Roman Star"*TVbVr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"second face="Times New Roman Star"второй face="Times New Roman Star"Bulg. tvirem face="Times New Roman Star"teb@r, teb@rew face="Times New Roman Star"Chuv. -b- is secondary, on analogy with p@w|rem 'first'. face="Times New Roman Star"*jakyl- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of small hawk face="Times New Roman Star"вид небольшого ястреба face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ylbaj face="Times New Roman Star"jag|labaj (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ylbaj face="Times New Roman Star"jan|albaj 'siskin' face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ag|almaj face="Times New Roman Star"z?ag|altaj face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ylbaj face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 186, ЭСТЯ 4, 10-11. face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:p face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"canal, ditch face="Times New Roman Star"канал face="Times New Roman Star"jap (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|p face="Times New Roman Star"ja:p face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ap face="Times New Roman Star"z?ap face="Times New Roman Star"z?ap face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, ЭСТЯ 4, 129 (with suggestion of an Iranian source: Khwar. ya:b 'water'). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 spark 2 ashes face="Times New Roman Star"1 искра 2 зола face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xybyn 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qybyn 1, qybyr 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kybyan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qypyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, 265, Лексика 369, ЭСТЯ 6, 223. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?u"gde face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 the projecting bone behind the ear 2 back of head 3 back of axe face="Times New Roman Star"1 выступающая кость за ухом 2 затылок 3 обух топора face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"gte (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"gdei (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?u"jda" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"wde 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"s/iv@t, s/u"t@ 'woman's plait' (Ашм. ) face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jde 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jde 2, cerebellum face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"jd|a" 'papilla of the first neck vertebra, back side of blade' face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jde 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 414, Егоров 213, Федотов 2, 116 (both gloss the Chuv. word as obscure), Лексика 202. face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:g- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to rise face="Times New Roman Star"подниматься face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (Yen., OUygh.), ag|-tur- (сaus.) (Orkh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"ag|- face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|- 'to overflow' face="Times New Roman Star"awa-la- (of the sun) face="Times New Roman Star"a:- 'to vaporize' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 77, ЭСТЯ 1, 68-70. ЭСТЯ is probably right in distinguishing the roots *(i)a:g- (а:g|- I) 'to rise' and *ia:g- (а:g| II) 'to turn over, fall', although the former is only sparsely represented in modern languages, having for the most part dissolved within the reflexes of the latter. In OT the stems ag|- 'to rise' and ag|na- 'to tumble, roll on one's back' are quite clearly distinct. face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"kelek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"gad-fly face="Times New Roman Star"овод face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ja"la"k face="Times New Roman Star"bo"kelek face="Times New Roman Star"bu"gu"lex, bu"gu"je face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 212-213, Лексика 185. face="Times New Roman Star"*jan|yr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"lonely, single face="Times New Roman Star"одинокий, единственный face="Times New Roman Star"jan|us (Yen.) face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|ys face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yz (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ys, nag|ys face="Times New Roman Star"d'an|ys face="Times New Roman Star"sog|otox face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|ys; jan|g|ys (Todzh.) face="Times New Roman Star"n/u:?s face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yz face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, ДТС 235, ЭСТЯ 4, 98. Usually regarded as a contraction < jalan|g|uz, which is probably wrong in the face of external evidence. face="Times New Roman Star"*supy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 conus-shaped 2 oval, long face="Times New Roman Star"1 конусообразный 2 овальный, продолговатый face="Times New Roman Star"suby 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"subu, suby (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"su.po|q 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sopaj 'long person', sopaq 'conus-shaped cylinder' face="Times New Roman Star"sopaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sopaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 784-785. Turk. > WMong. subag|, Kalm. sow@g|, KW 332). Cf. also Tur. sopa 'big stick'. face="Times New Roman Star"*eker face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hunting dog face="Times New Roman Star"охотничья собака face="Times New Roman Star"ige|r (Sib.) face="Times New Roman Star"iger (Буд. ) face="Times New Roman Star"eger face="Times New Roman Star"eger face="Times New Roman Star"eger face="Times New Roman Star"agar jytti ( > Hung. aga/r, see Gombocz 1912 ) face="Times New Roman Star"eger (Kum.) face="Times New Roman Star"ige|r 'a bastard of a wolf and a dog' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 38, 23. face="Times New Roman Star"*bAs-kyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"stairway face="Times New Roman Star"лестница face="Times New Roman Star"basqyz?| (Chag.) face="Times New Roman Star"pasxys face="Times New Roman Star"basqys? face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 77 (usually derived < *bas- 'to press, trample'). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kej- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to go away face="Times New Roman Star"уходить face="Times New Roman Star"kaj- face="Times New Roman Star"Attested only in Chuvash; PT antiquity is dubious. face="Times New Roman Star"*o:pu face="Times New Roman Star"whirlwind, whirlpool face="Times New Roman Star"вихрь (водоворот), пучина face="Times New Roman Star"opu ? obu face="Times New Roman Star"up-qyn 'пропасть, бездна; водоворот, пучина, омут (в реке, озере)' face="Times New Roman Star"u.p-qin, u.p-qo|n 'сильный вихрь, смерч; подземная яма, промоина; бездна, пропасть, пучина' face="Times New Roman Star"ov-d-an 'подземный водоем' face="Times New Roman Star"op-kyn 'волна, водоворот, пучина' face="Times New Roman Star"obut 'пруд' face="Times New Roman Star"oppa (< *op-ma) 'топкий, вязкий (о болоте); сугроб' face="Times New Roman Star"op-qyn 'топь, трясина, болото; пропасть, бездна, пучина, омут' face="Times New Roman Star"up-qyn 'пропасть, бездна; пучина, омут' face="Times New Roman Star"oban 'озерко воды, образущееся в русле бывшей реки; омут' face="Times New Roman Star"ДТС 368, VEWT 363.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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